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Queen of the night

  1. Martyn Rady, The Middle Kingdoms: A New History of Central Europe (Basic Books, 2023). ↩︎
  2. Maria Theresa was brought up by her governess and tutors speaking French (not German) as her main language, with Latin a close second. She used French for her private correspondence with relatives and friends. German, conversely, she learnt piecemeal from her nurse-maids, and consequently spoke it with the distinctive accent of working-class Vienna. Although she did later use German, it wasn’t her first choice. ↩︎
  3. See, for instance, Ulrich L. Lehner, The Catholic Enlightenment: The Forgotten History of a Global Movement (Oxford, 2016) and Ritchie Robinson, The Enlightenment: The Pursuit of Happiness, 1680-1790 (Penguin, 2021). ↩︎
  4. Ernst Bloch, « Nonsynchronism and the Obligation to Its Dialectics », translated by Mark Ritter, New German Critique, no.11 (Spring 1977), 22-38. ↩︎